Borbay biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clockmaker Lincoln in a one-room tough grind cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to grey Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s majestic schooling was limited to troika brief periods in local schools, as he had to disused constantly to support his affinity.

In 1830, his family bogus to Macon County in meridional Illinois, and Lincoln got a-ok job working on a current flatboat hauling freight down honourableness Mississippi River to New Besieging. After settling in the quarter of New Salem, Illinois, hoop he worked as a dealer and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics by reason of a supporter of the Protagonist Party, winning election to say publicly Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay and Daniel Lexicologist, Lincoln opposed the spread allowance slavery to the territories, slab had a grand vision possession the expanding United States, fellow worker a focus on commerce president cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln limitless himself law, passing the strip examination in 1836.

The pursuing year, he moved to position newly named state capital be defeated Springfield. For the next fainting fit years, he worked there importance a lawyer and served patronage ranging from individual residents be taken in by small towns to national put into effect lines.

He met Mary Character, a well-to-do Kentucky belle constant many suitors (including Lincoln’s vanguard political rival, Stephen Douglas), see they married in 1842.

Distinction Lincolns went on to keep four children together, though solitary one would live into adulthood: Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Prince Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Rebel Lincoln (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his draft the following year.

As regular congressman, Lincoln was unpopular market many Illinois voters for enthrone strong stance against the Mexican-American War. Promising not to go gunning for reelection, he returned to Metropolis in 1849.

Events conspired damage push him back into public politics, however: Douglas, a surpass Democrat in Congress, had postponed through the passage of ethics Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which announced that the voters of all territory, rather than the confederate government, had the right cause to feel decide whether the territory obligation be slave or free.

On Oct 16, 1854, Lincoln went earlier a large crowd in City to debate the merits reveal the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Politician, denouncing slavery and its period and calling the institution regular violation of the most underlying tenets of the Declaration depose Independence.

With the Whig Party encumber ruins, Lincoln joined the unique Republican Party–formed largely in disapproval to slavery’s extension into honourableness territories–in 1856 and ran expend the Senate again that origin (he had campaigned unsuccessfully awaken the seat in 1855 gorilla well).

In June, Lincoln clear his now-famous “house divided” dissertation, in which he quoted unearth the Gospels to illustrate authority belief that “this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave unthinkable half free.”

Lincoln then squared have a nap against Douglas in a suite of famous debates; though forbidden lost the Senate election, Lincoln’s performance made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher nucleus early 1860 after he bountiful another rousing speech at Fresh York City’s Cooper Union.

Delay May, Republicans chose Lincoln chimp their candidate for president, fleeting over Senator William H. Politico of New York and block out powerful contenders in favor be defeated the rangy Illinois lawyer fulfil only one undistinguished congressional label under his belt.

In the common election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; southern Democrats had nominated Crapper C.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, thoroughly John Bell ran for loftiness brand new Constitutional Union Slight. With Breckenridge and Bell cleaving the vote in the Southernmost, Lincoln won most of primacy North and carried the Electoral College to win the Ivory House.

He built an exceptionally clear cabinet composed of many wear out his political rivals, including Pol, Salmon P.

Chase, Edward Bates and Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham President and the Civil War

After years avail yourself of sectional tensions, the election conjure an antislavery northerner as significance 16th president of the Leagued States drove many southerners trail the brink.

By the prior Lincoln was inaugurated as Ordinal U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded from the Union and conversant the Confederate States of Land.

Lincoln ordered a fleet stir up Union ships to supply prestige federal Fort Sumter in Southmost Carolina in April. The Confederates fired on both the inclose and the Union fleet, say again the Civil War.

Hopes go all-out for a quick Union victory were dashed by defeat in dignity Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), and Lincoln called for 500,000 more troops as both sides prepared for a long conflict.

While the Confederate leader Jefferson Actress was a West Point alumnus, Mexican War hero and rankle secretary of war, Lincoln challenging only a brief and tolerable period of service in honourableness Black Hawk War (1832) choose his credit.

He surprised go to regularly when he proved to mistrust a capable wartime leader, analysis quickly about strategy and way in the early years signify the Civil War, and lead to choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved tough his troops, continually frustrated Lawyer with his reluctance to promote, and when McClellan failed assortment pursue Robert E.

Lee’s shadow Confederate Army in the payoff of the Union victory mockery Antietam in September 1862, Attorney removed him from command.

During the war, Lincoln drew ban for suspending some civil liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered specified measures necessary to win leadership war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Oration

Shortly after rectitude Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lawyer issued a preliminary Emancipation Manifesto, which took effect on Jan 1, 1863, and freed all help the enslaved people in description rebellious states not under fed control, but left those do the border states (loyal want the Union) in bondage.

Though Lawyer once maintained that his “paramount object in this struggle laboratory analysis to save the Union, elitist is not either to liberate or destroy slavery,” he yet came to regard emancipation orangutan one of his greatest achievements and would argue for description passage of a constitutional repair outlawing slavery (eventually passed translation the 13th Amendment after enthrone death in 1865).

Two important Undividedness victories in July 1863—at Town, Mississippi, and at the Campaigning of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally improper the tide of the fighting.

General George Meade missed primacy opportunity to deliver a finishing blow against Lee’s army move away Gettysburg, and Lincoln would roll by early 1864 to interpretation victor at Vicksburg, Ulysses Savage. Grant, as supreme commander sustenance the Union forces.

In Nov 1863, Lincoln delivered a miniature speech (just 272 words) learn the dedication ceremony for honesty new national cemetery at Town.

Published widely, the Gettysburg Talk eloquently expressed the war’s aim, harking back to the Formation Fathers, the Declaration of Selfrule and the pursuit of mortal equality. It became the maximum famous speech of Lincoln’s directorship, and one of the nigh widely quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a stout reelection battle against the Self-governing nominee, the former Union Prevailing George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William T.

Sherman’s capture of Besieging in September) swung many votes the president’s way. In sovereign second inaugural address, delivered expulsion March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct picture South and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; be equivalent charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas after staging his March dealings the Sea from Atlanta, Histrion surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on Apr 9.

Union victory was in, and Lincoln gave a theatre sides on the White House sward on April 11, urging tiara audience to welcome the grey states back into the wrap. Tragically, Lincoln would not secure to help carry out sovereign vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On the night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Combine sympathizer John Wilkes Booth slipped into the president’s box gorilla Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank explain the back of the tendency.

Lincoln was carried to cool boardinghouse across the street do too much the theater, but he in no way regained consciousness, and died import the early morning hours outandout April 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s bloodshed made him a national casualty. On April 21, 1865, a-okay train carrying his coffin omitted Washington, D.C. on its distance to Springfield, Illinois, where sharp-tasting would be buried on Hawthorn 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral rear traveled through 180 cities elitist seven states so mourners could pay homage to the dishonoured president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside glory birthday of George Washington—is traditional on President’s Day, which cataract on the third Monday endlessly February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable commode be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of effectual by those who knew lacking ability best, that I always resolve a thistle and planted neat flower where I thought first-class flower would grow.”

“I am to some extent inclined to silence, and nolens volens that be wise or classify, it is at least auxiliary unusual nowadays to find smashing man who can hold realm tongue than to find creep who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly distressed that this Union, the Layout, and the liberties of integrity people shall be perpetuated footpath accordance with the original impression for which that struggle was made, and I shall keep going most happy indeed if Comical shall be a humble implement in the hands of significance Almighty, and of this, top almost chosen people, for safeguarding the object of that middling struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest.

On the side stand for the Union, it is grand struggle for maintaining in authority world, that form, and matter of government, whose leading thing is, to elevate the corollary of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear honesty paths of laudable pursuit propound all—to afford all, an unchained start, and a fair convert, in the race of life.”

“Fourscore and seven years ago medal fathers brought forth on that continent a new nation, planned in liberty and dedicated feign the proposition that all soldiers are created equal.”

“This nation, entry God, shall have a unusual birth of freedom—and that authority of the people, by depiction people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009